Set up the FastAPI project and implement the 'Create' functionality with a POST endpoint.
We begin our project by setting up the basic structure for a FastAPI application. We'll create a main application file and define our data model using Pydantic. This model will represent the resource our API manages (e.g., a 'Book' with a title, author, and publication year). For simplicity, our data storage will be a global list of dictionaries, acting as an in-memory database. The first piece of functionality we'll implement is the 'Create' operation. This is handled by a `POST` request. We will create an endpoint, such as `/books`, that accepts a `POST` request. The request body must contain a JSON object matching our Pydantic model. FastAPI will automatically validate this incoming data. If the data is valid, our endpoint logic will assign a new unique ID to the book, add it to our in-memory list, and return the newly created book object to the client. The standard practice is to also return a `201 Created` status code to signal that the resource was created successfully. This first step establishes the foundation of our application and introduces the first of the four core CRUD operations.