Class Templates

A class template allows you to define a blueprint for a generic class. It's particularly useful for creating data structures that can store elements of any type, like lists, stacks, queues, and arrays. Just like function templates, you declare a class template using the `template <typename T>` syntax before the class definition. Inside the class, `T` is used as a placeholder for the data type that the class will manage. When you want to create an object of a template class, you must specify the actual data type you want to use in angle brackets. This is called instantiating the template. For example, if you have a class template named `MyArray<T>`, you can create an array of integers with `MyArray<int> intArray;` or an array of strings with `MyArray<std::string> stringArray;`. The compiler then generates a separate class definition for each specific type (`MyArray<int>` and `MyArray<std::string>`). The implementation of the class template's member functions is also generic. When defining a member function outside the class definition, you must include the template prefix and specify the template parameter, like `template <typename T> void MyArray<T>::someFunction() { ... }`. Class templates are the foundation of the C++ Standard Template Library (STL), which provides a rich set of pre-built, generic, and highly efficient data structures and algorithms.