Use try-catch blocks to handle exceptions thrown during program execution.
The `try-catch` mechanism is the standard way to handle exceptions in C++. The process starts with the `try` block. You should enclose any code that you suspect might cause a runtime error within a `try { ... }` block. This tells the compiler that you are prepared to handle potential exceptions that occur within this scope. If a function called within the `try` block, or the code directly within it, encounters an error condition, it can signal this by using the `throw` keyword. For example, a function that performs division might `throw` an error message if the denominator is zero. When `throw` is executed, the normal flow of the program is interrupted. The runtime system begins searching for a `catch` block that can handle the thrown exception. The search starts with the `catch` blocks immediately following the `try` block. The runtime checks the type of the thrown exception against the type specified in each `catch` statement (`catch (ExceptionType e) { ... }`). The first `catch` block with a matching type is executed. If no matching `catch` block is found in the current function, the function terminates, and the runtime continues searching for a handler in the calling function (a process called stack unwinding). This mechanism allows you to gracefully recover from errors instead of letting them crash your program.