Ransomware

Ransomware is a type of malicious software that threatens to publish the victim's personal data or perpetually block access to it unless a ransom is paid. More advanced malware uses a technique called cryptoviral extortion, in which it encrypts the victim's files, making them inaccessible, and demands a ransom payment to restore access. A ransomware attack typically follows these steps: first, it gains access to the target system, often through a phishing email, an unpatched vulnerability, or a malicious download. Once inside, it communicates with the attacker's command-and-control server to get an encryption key. Then, it begins to systematically search for and encrypt files on the system and any connected network shares. It can target documents, images, databases, and other critical files. After encryption is complete, it displays a ransom note on the victim's screen. The note explains that the files are encrypted and provides instructions on how to pay the ransom, usually in a cryptocurrency like Bitcoin, to receive the decryption key. Paying the ransom is risky; there is no guarantee the attackers will provide the key, and it encourages further attacks. Prevention is the best defense. This includes regular data backups (kept offline), timely software patching, using reputable security software, and employee training to spot phishing attempts. If an attack occurs, a good backup is often the only reliable way to recover without paying.