A comprehensive roadmap to master Database Management Systems, from fundamentals to advanced concepts.
Learn the fundamental concepts of database systems, their characteristics, advantages over traditional file systems, and the different types of users who interact with them.
Understand the 3-level architecture, data independence, and the fundamental data models: ER, relational, hierarchical, and network models.
Master the concepts of various keys (primary, candidate, super, foreign) and integrity constraints that ensure data accuracy and consistency.
Learn the formal, procedural query language of relational algebra and the non-procedural language of relational calculus, which form the theoretical basis for SQL.
Get hands-on with SQL (Structured Query Language). Learn the core commands (DDL, DML, DCL, TCL) and how to write fundamental SELECT queries with filtering, sorting, and grouping.
Go beyond the basics with powerful SQL features like joins, subqueries, views, indexes, triggers, stored procedures, and window functions.
Learn the process of normalization (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF) to design efficient, reliable, and redundancy-free database schemas using functional dependencies.
Understand how DBMSs handle transactions to ensure data integrity using ACID properties, and learn about transaction states, concurrency problems, and schedules.
Dive into the techniques DBMSs use to manage simultaneous access, including locks, deadlock handling, timestamp ordering, and optimistic concurrency control.
Learn how DBMSs recover from failures using techniques like logs, checkpoints, and shadow paging, and explore database security concepts like authorization, authentication, and SQL injection.
Explore the world beyond traditional relational databases. Learn about distributed systems, the CAP theorem, and the different types of NoSQL databases (Key-Value, Document, Column, Graph).