Varargs

Varargs, short for variable-length arguments, is a feature introduced in Java 5 that allows a method to accept zero or more arguments of a specified type. It simplifies the creation of methods that need to process a variable number of inputs. Before varargs, you would typically have to pass an array of elements to the method, which required the calling code to create and populate the array first. With varargs, the syntax is much cleaner. To declare a method with a vararg parameter, you follow the data type of the parameter with an ellipsis (`...`), for example, `public void printNumbers(int... numbers)`. Inside the method, the vararg parameter is treated as an array of the specified type. So, within the `printNumbers` method, `numbers` is an `int[]`. You can then iterate over it using a loop just like any other array to access the individual arguments that were passed. When calling a method with a vararg parameter, you can pass the arguments as a comma-separated list, like `printNumbers(1, 5, 9)` or `printNumbers(10, 20)`, or even with no arguments, `printNumbers()`. The Java compiler automatically takes the comma-separated list of arguments and creates an array to pass to the method. A method can have only one vararg parameter, and it must be the last parameter in the method's signature. Varargs are commonly used in methods like `System.out.printf()` for formatting strings with a variable number of replacement values.