Use the static methods in the Math class for common mathematical operations.
The `java.lang.Math` class is a utility class in Java that provides a collection of static methods and constants for performing common mathematical calculations. Since all its members are static, you don't need to create an instance of the `Math` class; you can call its methods directly using the class name, such as `Math.sqrt(25)`. The class includes methods for basic trigonometric functions like `sin()`, `cos()`, and `tan()`, which operate on angles in radians. It also provides exponential and logarithmic functions such as `pow(a, b)` to calculate 'a' raised to the power of 'b', `exp()` for Euler's number 'e' raised to a power, and `log()` for the natural logarithm. For rounding numbers, the `Math` class offers several options: `round()` rounds to the nearest long or int, `ceil()` (ceiling) rounds up to the nearest integer value as a double, and `floor()` rounds down. The `abs()` method returns the absolute value of a number, and `max(a, b)` and `min(a, b)` return the greater or smaller of two values, respectively. A particularly useful method is `random()`, which returns a pseudo-random `double` value greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0. This can be scaled and cast to generate random numbers within any desired range. The `Math` class also defines two important constants as `double` values: `Math.PI` (the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter) and `Math.E` (the base of the natural logarithms).