Modules

A module is a Python file containing definitions, statements, functions, classes, and variables that can be imported and used in other Python programs. The module name is the filename without the .py extension. Modules help organize related code logically and avoid naming conflicts. You can import a module using the import statement, which executes the module's code and makes its contents available. Modules have their own namespace, so attributes are accessed using dot notation (module.attribute). The from module import name syntax imports specific names into the current namespace. Modules are only loaded once per interpreter session, and the module cache (sys.modules) prevents reloading. Modules can have documentation strings and executable code that runs when the module is imported. Understanding modules is fundamental to Python programming, as even simple scripts can benefit from organizing code into logical units and reusing code through imports.