Unittest and Pytest

Python offers multiple testing frameworks. unittest is built into the standard library and follows the xUnit style, with test cases organized into classes that inherit from unittest.TestCase. It provides assertion methods, test discovery, and setup/teardown functionality. pytest is a popular third-party framework that offers a simpler syntax, powerful fixtures, parameterized testing, and many plugins. pytest can run unittest tests, making migration easy. Both frameworks support test discovery, where they automatically find and run test files. Good testing practices include writing small, focused tests; using descriptive test names; testing edge cases; and maintaining test independence. Tests should be fast, isolated, and repeatable. Understanding these testing frameworks allows you to write comprehensive test suites that verify your code's correctness and prevent regressions.